3% of monthly active accounts are Heavy users (10+ UserOps/month)

91% of monthly active accounts are Light Users (1 UserOp/month). 6% are medium users (2-10 UserOps/month)

There are fewer heavily-used ERC-4337 accounts than heavily-used EOA wallets. 52% of monthly active EOA wallets make more than one transaction per month.

Base has the most monthly Heavy Users

In June 2024, Base had 74% of the monthly active Heavy Users (10+ UserOps/month). Polygon was second with 13%, and Arbitrum was third with 9%. This was a massive shift in the rankings because, up until May 2024, Polygon had been the consistent market leader in this category.

Monthly active Medium Users (2-10 UserOps/month) follow a similar pattern. Base is currently their most used chain with 41% market share followed by Polygon with 28% and Arbitrum with 15%.

The Light Users (1 UserOp/month) are most active on Polygon. Polygon currently has 98% of the monthly active Light Users.

Top 5 apps used by Heavy Users (Past 6 months)

In Q1 2024, the most popular activity for Heavy User accounts was farming NFTs on Anichess, a free-to-play chess game. Then in May, Alfafrens, a SocialFi app where users are streamed ALFA tokens using Superfluid and pay transaction fees in DEGEN, briefly became the #1 app for power users.

Top 5 apps used by Medium Users (Past 6 months)

In Q4 of 2023, FanTV (a watch-to-earn India-focused streaming service) and CapX (users complete quests to earn tokens) were the most popular apps amongst Medium Users. In the first half of 2024, Anichess claimed the top spot, similar to what we saw with the Heavy users. FanTV briefly retook the top spot in April 2024 before being surpassed by Anichess again.

Top 5 apps used by Light Users (Past 6 months)

Cyberconnect (a crypto social app where every profile is a smart account) and FanTV drove most of the Light User activity in Q4 2023. In February 2024, Cyberconnect edged out FanTV and took the top spot by a wide margin. Then, Piggybox NFT rapidly grew to eclipse all other apps used by this demographic. Users receive these NFTs when they sign up for EARN'M, an app where you farm tokens by completing tasks like using different apps and following projects on Twitter.

$9.2M of tokens are held by ERC-4337 accounts

Ethereum is currently the top chain by ERC-4337 TVL with more than $6M of funds held. Polygon is a distant second with $1.6M, followed by Arbitrum with $1M. Base is fourth with $273k and Optimism is last with $183k. This is interesting because Ethereum has less ERC-4337 activity than the other chains in the dataset, but the average account on Ethereum is wealthier than the average account on its L2s.

Note: Allium’s token price dataset was used to calculate the USD value of wallet balances. This calculation will undercount reality because some tokens may not be present in the price dataset.

35% of ERC-4337 TVL is in rsETH

More than 1,000 accounts on Ethereum hold a total of $3.2M rsETH, making it the #1 token contributing to ERC-4337 TVL. WAVX holds the #2 spot. The catch is that all $1.36M of WAVX is held by a single account on Ethereum (0x6e28..6c). ETH is in third place with $1.16M held by more than 23,000 accounts across Optimism, Ethereum, Base, and Arbitrum. USDT is in fourth place with $848k held by over 11,000 accounts on Arbitrum, Polygon, Ethereum, and Optimism.

75% of accounts with non-zero balances hold less than $10

Out of the ~55,000 smart accounts with non-zero balances, 2% hold more than $1000. This small group of $1000+ accounts is responsible for 86% of ERC-4337 TVL.

99.4% of the deployed accounts currently don't hold any funds

This makes sense when you consider that most ERC-4337 activity is driven by free apps. For example, creating a profile on Cyberconnect or claiming an Anichess NFT with your gas sponsored by the app doesn't require you to fund your account. Or you might be using an app like FanTV where you claim a token that can only be used for in-app activities and isn't traded on DEXs.

ERC-4337 usage has consumed $3.2M of Gas Fees

Ethereum is the top chain by ERC-4337 bundler gas spend. Bundlers have spent over $1M bundling UserOps into transactions on Ethereum. Given Ethereum's higher gas fees compared to the L2s and alt-L1s in the dataset, it's not surprising it took the #1 spot. Base ranks second for ERC-4337 gas spending with $745K, and Arbitrum is third with $450K.